https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Index en-au 5 https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:33171 –1, pH = 4 and 25°C with contact time of 120 min, nearly 20% and 80% higher than activated carbon and powder coke at their respective optimum conditions. This is attributed to the abundant oxygen-containing functional groups in its structure in spite of the apparently lower surface area than activated carbon. The lowest adsorption demonstrated by powder coke is correlated to the smallest surface area (0.81 m²·g^–1). In addition, the adsorption behavior over time was followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model very well. The time to reach equilibrium is short for activated carbon and intraparticle diffusion seems to be the rate controlling step. However, the adsorption on activated coke and powder coke is slower than activated carbon and the surface diffusion is more important in these processes. It is expected the study will provide a technical insight into the above said carbonaceous adsorbent and also identifying the lowcost adsorbent for bio-treated coking waste water treatment.]]> Tue 11 Sep 2018 12:14:54 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:36165 −1) and pore volume (0.21 cm³ g⁻¹). FTIR and XPS characterization indicated that AC2 possessed a distinctive configuration of functional groups, of which the basic oxygenic groups (60%) provided more hydrophobic adsorption sites for ROC. 3D‐EEM spectra suggested more aromatics and fluorescent materials were removed by AC2 compared with AC1. GC‐MS further confirmed that AC2 had stronger affinity with the ROC in BTCW, especially for PAHs and heterocyclic compounds. Conclusion: Surface chemistry is vital to the adsorption of ROC from coking wastewater, of which basic oxygenic functional groups have specific interactions with PAHs and heterocyclic compounds. The mechanism that best explains ROC adsorption is π–π dispersion between carbon materials and the pollutants, as well as the hydrogen‐bonding interactions. This study provides an encouraging and practical guide to ROC adsorption from BTCW in future operations.]]> Thu 20 Feb 2020 14:45:17 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:35063 Malus domestica) carbohydrate metabolism, we cloned the coding sequences of MdFRK1 and MdFRK2 from the ‘Royal Gala’ apple. The results showed that MdFRK2 expression was extremely high in shoot tips and young fruit. Analyses of heterologously expressed proteins revealed that MdFRK2 had a higher affinity for fructose than did MdFRK1, with Km values of 0.1 and 0.62 mM for MdFRK2 and MdFRK1, respectively. The two proteins, however, exhibited similar Vmax values when their activities were significantly inhibited by high concentrations of fructose. MdFRK2 ectopic expression was associated with a general decrease in fructose concentration in transgenic lines. In leaves, increased FRK activity similarly resulted in reduced concentrations of glucose and sucrose but no alterations in sorbitol concentration. When compared with those in the untransformed control, genes involved in sorbitol synthesis (A6PR) and the degradation pathway (SDH1/2) were significantly upregulated in transgenic lines, whereas those involved in sucrose synthesis (SPS1) and other degradation processes (SUSY4, NINV1/2, and HxK2) were downregulated. The activity of enzymes participating in carbohydrate metabolism was proportional to the level of gene expression. However, the growth performance and photosynthetic efficiency did not differ between the transgenic and wild-type plants. These results provide new genetic evidence to support the view that FRK plays roles in regulating sugar and sorbitol metabolism in Rosaceae plants.]]> Mon 17 Jun 2019 12:58:51 AEST ]]>